hover伪类选择符的多重影分身之术

E:hover伪类选择符，是我们最熟悉不过的一个伪类了，而且运用也是非常的广泛，可以说在互联网中每个网站上面都会出现它的影子。我们不可否认已经对这个伪类选择符已经是相当的熟悉，但你是否真正的将它的功能发挥到淋漓尽致呢？嘿嘿……只要善于发现，我们就可以创造出非常有意思的东西来，大家是否还记得之前的分享给大家的一篇文章《创意CSS技巧：看图购》，这篇文章就是一个很好的示范，建议在读完这篇文章后，可以去看看这篇文章的效果以及设计原理，多想一想，多做一做。在这篇文章中就是巧妙的运用了hover的功能属性，出现了很多让人印象深刻的充满神奇的效果。其主要的原理是不变的，只是我们更加巧妙的设置多个层hover的效果，那今天将为大家详细的解读hover伪类选择符的多重影分身之术！

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多重hover伪类选择符解析

我们将用例子来为大家做详细的介绍，先来看看这一组的伪类选择符：

.main:hover {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组一 ----*/
}
.main a:hover {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组二 ----*/
}
.main:hover a {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组三 ----*/
}
.main ul:hover a {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组四 ----*/
}
.main:hover ul:hover a:hover {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组五 ----*/
}
.main a:not(:hover) {
  opacity: 0.5; /*---- 组六 ----*/
}

这些选择符你都能一一的了解其中的含义吗？其实我们稍加细心分析就能马上判断这些都代表了什么。

伪类选择符说明∶

• 组一∶表示经过main选择器时所有包含在内的元素的透明度变为0.5。
• 组二∶表示在经过属于main选择器里面a标签的上方的时候，a标签的透明度改为0.5。
• 组三∶按照上面的基本原理，我们也不难分析出代表的含义是在鼠标移到main上方的时候所对应的a标签的样式改为透明度为0.5。
• 组四∶表示经过属于main选择器里面的ul元素的时候，ul元素里面的a标签的透明度为0.5。
• 组五∶这里的含义我们需要分几段来分析，首先是经过main选择器、然后是经过main选择器里面的ul元素、最后是经过ul元素里面的a标签，把这些条件全部加起来就是这里所代表的含义了，也就是鼠标同时经过main选择器、main选择器里面的ul元素、ul元素里面的a标签时，所对应的a标签的属性为0.5
• 组六∶这里结合使用了否定伪类选择器:not(selector)，这里表示的是除了经过属于main选择器里面的a标签时的属性为透明度0.5，也就是说这里定义的是没有经过a标签时候的属性。

伪类选择符分析∶

1. 组二与组三的区别∶两者的对象不同，组二是鼠标作用在a元素上方时的效果，而组二是作用在main选择器上方时的效果；有时候两者的实际效果是一致的。
2. 组二与组六的区别∶两者为相反关系，组二定义了鼠标经过时的属性，而组六则是定义了鼠标没有经过时的属性，相对来说，组六具有很强的灵活性，在有些场景可以实现特殊的效果。
3. 总之，只要理清楚hover究竟是作用在哪个元素之上，如果结合上下级的关系就可轻易的掌握。

多重hover伪类选择符示例演示

我们理清楚了hover伪元素在不同地方以及出现多个hover时的基本原理，那我们就来看看一个实际的例子，在这个例子中简单的通过上面的分析总结，在多个地方巧妙的运用了hover伪元素，实现了具有很强交互性的三排列表效果。
首先是我们的一个简单的HTML结构：

<div id="all">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
  </ul>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://www.jiawin.com" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >---</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>

然后我们最上面的结构进行hover的多重影分身处理，看css代码：

body {margin:0; padding:0;}
#all {margin:100px auto; padding:0; width:630px;}
#all > ul {
	list-style: none;
	float: left;
	width: 200px;
	padding: 0 10px 0 0;
}
#all a {
	text-decoration: none;
	display: block;
	padding: 10px;
	background: #900;
	border-radius: 20px;
	color: white;
	text-align: center;
	margin: 0 0 5px 0;
	-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease;
	-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease;
	-o-transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
#all:hover a {
	opacity: 0.2;
}
#all:hover ul:hover a {
	opacity: 0.5;
}
#all:hover ul:hover a:hover {
	opacity: 1;
}

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关于hover伪类选择符的多重影分身之术就介绍到这里了，hover伪元素是个很有趣的东西，网上也有很多特效是利用hover来实现，就像本站（觉唯前端）的发布过的一篇文章《因为CSS3，动画将一切皆有可能》，其中的鼠标经过时显示动画就是运用了上面所说的组六原理，用hover伪类选择符结合否定伪类选择器来实现的。我相信关于hover还有很多实用的技巧还没挖掘出来，那么接下来为hover伪元素创造奇迹的你，还在等什么呢……